Nested Selectors in CSS

Nested selectors allow us to target elements that are descendants of other elements in the HTML structure. This enables us to apply styles to specific elements within a hierarchy, making our CSS more efficient and organized.

Introduction to Nested Selectors

Basic Syntax

The basic syntax for a nested selector is as follows

				
					parent-selector {
  nested-selector {
    /* Styles for the nested element */
  }
}

Here, parent-selector is the selector of the parent element, and nested-selector is the selector of the nested element.

Example

				
					/* Styles the <p> elements inside <div> elements */
div {
  p {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: #333;
  }
}

Example Output

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Nested Selectors Example</title><style>/* Styles the <p> elements inside <div> elements */
    div {
      border: 1px solid #ccc;
      padding: 10px;
    }

    div p {
      font-size: 16px;
      color: #333;
    }</style></head>
<body>
  <div>
    <p>This paragraph is styled.</p>
    <p>This paragraph is also styled.</p>
  </div>
  <div>
    <p>Another paragraph styled.</p>
  </div> <script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>

Explanation

In this example, the CSS targets all <p> elements that are descendants of <div> elements. These paragraphs will have a font size of 16 pixels and a color of #333.

Output: All paragraphs inside <div> elements will be styled according to the specified CSS rules.

Advanced Usage of Nested Selectors

Nested selectors can be used in more advanced scenarios to achieve complex styling effects. Let’s explore some advanced techniques

Targeting Specific Children

We can use nested selectors to target specific children within a parent element

				
					ul {
  li:first-child {
    font-weight: bold;
  }

  li:last-child {
    color: #ff0000;
  }
}

Combining Selectors

Nested selectors can also be combined with other selectors for even more precise targeting

				
					.container .content {
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

.container .content p {
  margin: 10px;
}

Pseudo-classes and Elements

Nested selectors can also be used with pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements

				
					button:hover {
  background-color: #007bff;
}

input::placeholder {
  color: #999;
}

Practical Examples

Let’s dive into some practical examples to solidify our understanding

Example 1: Navigation Menu Styling

Nested selectors can be used to style navigation menus efficiently

				
					nav ul {
  list-style-type: none;
}

nav ul li {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 10px;
}

nav ul li a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #333;
}

Example 2: Form Styling

Nested selectors simplify styling form elements

				
					form input[type="text"] {
  width: 200px;
  padding: 5px;
}

form button {
  background-color: #007bff;
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

Example Output

				
					

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Nested Selectors Practical Examples</title><style>/* Example 1: Navigation Menu Styling */
    nav ul {
      list-style-type: none;
    }

    nav ul li {
      display: inline-block;
      margin-right: 10px;
    }

    nav ul li a {
      text-decoration: none;
      color: #333;
    }

    /* Example 2: Form Styling */
    form input[type="text"] {
      width: 200px;
      padding: 5px;
    }

    form button {
      background-color: #007bff;
      color: #fff;
      border: none;
      padding: 10px 20px;
      cursor: pointer;
    }</style></head>
<body>
  <nav>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
  <form>
    <input type="text" placeholder="Enter your name">
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
  </form> <script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>

Explanation

  • Example 1 demonstrates how nested selectors can be used to style navigation menus efficiently.
  • Example 2 showcases the usage of nested selectors for styling form elements.

Output: The HTML document will display examples of styled navigation menus and form elements using nested selectors.

In this chapter, we've covered everything from the basics to advanced techniques of nested selectors in CSS. By understanding how to target nested elements within the HTML structure, you can write more efficient and organized CSS code. Experiment with nested selectors in your own projects to achieve precise and targeted styling effects. Happy coding! ❤️

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