Hyphens and Line Breaking in CSS

Hyphens and line breaking play a significant role in the presentation of text on the web. Hyphenation helps to improve the appearance of justified text, while line breaking determines how text wraps within its container. Let's explore these concepts in detail.

Introduction to Hyphens and Line Breaking

Hyphenation

Hyphenation refers to the automatic insertion of hyphens in words to improve the appearance of justified text. It helps to distribute space more evenly between words, reducing large gaps between words and improving readability.

Line Breaking

Line breaking determines how text wraps within its container when it reaches the end of a line. By default, browsers break lines at spaces or hyphens, but CSS provides properties to control line breaking behavior.

Basic Concepts

In CSS, we use the hyphens property to control hyphenation and the word-break property to control line breaking behavior.

				
					/* Hyphenation */
p {
  hyphens: auto;
}

/* Line Breaking */
p {
  word-break: break-all;
}

Example Output

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Hyphens and Line Breaking Example</title><style>/* Hyphenation */
    p {
      hyphens: auto;
    }

    /* Line Breaking */
    .container {
      width: 200px;
    }

    .text {
      word-break: break-all;
    }</style></head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <p class="text">This is a longwordthatshouldbehyphenated properly.</p>
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</html>

Explanation

In this example, we apply the hyphens: auto; property to the <p> element to enable automatic hyphenation. We also set word-break: break-all; on the .text class to force line breaks between any two characters.

Output: The long word in the paragraph will be hyphenated properly, and the text will break at any character if it exceeds the width of the container.

Advanced Usage of Hyphens and Line Breaking

Let’s explore some advanced techniques for controlling hyphens and line breaking in CSS.

Hyphenation Exceptions

You can specify exceptions to hyphenation using the hyphenate-limit-chars property

				
					p {
  hyphens: auto;
  hyphenate-limit-chars: 6 3 3;
}

This will prevent hyphenation within words shorter than 6 characters and after the third and second characters of longer words.

Controlling Line Breaking

The overflow-wrap property allows you to control whether text should break at the end of a line or if it should overflow into the next line

				
					p {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

This allows text to break at any character within a word if necessary.

Practical Examples

Let’s dive into some practical examples to solidify our understanding

Example 1: Hyphenation in Paragraphs

				
					p {
  hyphens: auto;
}

Example 2: Controlling Line Breaking in Containers

				
					.container {
  width: 200px;
}

.text {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

Example Output

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Hyphens and Line Breaking Practical Examples</title><style>/* Example 1: Hyphenation in Paragraphs */
    p {
      hyphens: auto;
    }

    /* Example 2: Controlling Line Breaking in Containers */
    .container {
      width: 200px;
    }

    .text {
      overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    }</style></head>
<body>
  <p>This is a longwordthatshouldbehyphenated properly.</p>
  <div class="container">
    <p class="text">Thisisaverylongwordthatshouldbreakatanycharacterifnecessary.</p>
  </div> <script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>

Explanation

  • Example 1 demonstrates how to enable automatic hyphenation in paragraphs.
  • Example 2 shows how to control line breaking behavior within a container, allowing text to break at any character if necessary.

Output: The HTML document will display examples of hyphenation in paragraphs and controlled line breaking within containers.

In this chapter, we've covered everything from the basics to advanced techniques of hyphens and line breaking in CSS. By understanding how to control hyphenation and line breaking behavior, you can create more readable and visually appealing text layouts on the web. Happy coding! ❤️

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