Testing jQuery Code with QUnit

Testing is a critical aspect of software development. It ensures that your code works as expected and helps catch bugs early. For jQuery, a popular JavaScript library, QUnit is a great choice for testing. QUnit is a powerful, easy-to-use JavaScript unit testing framework. It was originally developed by the jQuery team and is used to test the jQuery library itself. In this chapter, we will explore how to test jQuery code using QUnit from basics to advanced concepts.

What is QUnit?

QUnit is a JavaScript unit testing framework designed to help you test your code in a structured and reliable way. It provides a simple API for writing tests and assertions, making it easier to verify the correctness of your code.

Key Features of QUnit

  • Easy to Use: QUnit has a simple and intuitive API.
  • Extensible: You can extend QUnit with plugins and custom assertions.
  • Browser and Node.js Support: QUnit can run in both environments.
  • Asynchronous Testing: QUnit supports testing asynchronous code.

Setting Up QUnit

Setting up QUnit is straightforward. You can include QUnit in your project by either downloading it or using a CDN.

Downloading QUnit

  1. Download QUnit from the official website.
  2. Include the QUnit CSS and JavaScript files in your HTML:
				
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Using a CDN

You can also include QUnit from a CDN:

				
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t.prototype={update:function(t){var e,n,a,i=this._settings,o=X(t,i);{if(h(this,o.length),!tt&&et)return H(i)?(e=i,n=this,o.forEach(function(t){-1!==kt.indexOf(t.tagName)&&F(t,e,n)}),void h(n,0)):(t=this._observer,i=o,t.disconnect(),a=t,void i.forEach(function(t){a.observe(t)}));this.loadAll(o)}},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),Q(this._settings).forEach(function(t){y(t)}),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(t){var e=this,n=this._settings;X(t,n).forEach(function(t){b(t,e),V(t,n,e)})},restoreAll:function(){var e=this._settings;Q(e).forEach(function(t){U(t,e)})}},t.load=function(t,e){e=i(e);V(t,e)},t.resetStatus=function(t){r(t)},Z&&function(t,e){if(e)if(e.length)for(var n,a=0;n=e[a];a+=1)o(t,n);else o(t,e)}(t,window.lazyLoadOptions),t});!function(e,t){"use strict";function a(){t.body.classList.add("litespeed_lazyloaded")}function n(){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Start Lazy Load 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Delayed"),litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.removeEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})}),document.querySelectorAll("iframe[data-litespeed-src]").forEach(e=>{e.setAttribute("src",e.getAttribute("data-litespeed-src"))}),"loading"==document.readyState?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",litespeed_load_delayed_js):litespeed_load_delayed_js()}litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.addEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})});async function litespeed_load_delayed_js(){let t=[];for(var d in document.querySelectorAll('script[type="litespeed/javascript"]').forEach(e=>{t.push(e)}),t)await new Promise(e=>litespeed_load_one(t[d],e));document.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded")),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded"))}function litespeed_load_one(t,e){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Load ",t);var d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script></body>
</html>

				
			

Basic QUnit Syntax

QUnit provides a simple API for writing tests. The two main functions you’ll use are QUnit.module and QUnit.test.

QUnit.module

QUnit.module is used to group related tests together. This makes it easier to organize your tests and understand the context of each test.

				
					QUnit.module('Module Name', {
  before: function() {
    // This runs before each test in the module.
  },
  after: function() {
    // This runs after each test in the module.
  }
});

				
			

QUnit.test

QUnit.test is used to define individual tests.

				
					QUnit.test('Test Name', function(assert) {
  assert.ok(true, 'This test will pass.');
  assert.equal(1, 1, '1 equals 1');
});

				
			

Assertions

QUnit provides various assertion methods to validate the results of your tests:

  • assert.ok(value, message): Passes if value is truthy.
  • assert.equal(actual, expected, message): Passes if actual equals expected.
  • assert.deepEqual(actual, expected, message): Passes if actual and expected are deeply equal.
  • assert.throws(function, expected, message): Passes if the function throws an exception.

Writing Your First Test

Let’s write a simple test to understand the basics.

HTML

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://code.jquery.com/qunit/qunit-2.17.2.css">
</head>
<body>
  <div id="qunit"></div>
  <div id="qunit-fixture"></div> <script type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://code.jquery.com/qunit/qunit-2.17.2.js"></script> <script type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="my-tests.js"></script> <script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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x(t,e){w(t,ct,l(t,e.data_sizes)),w(t,rt,l(t,e.data_srcset)),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))}function O(t,e,n){var a=l(t,e.data_bg_multi),i=l(t,e.data_bg_multi_hidpi);(a=at&&i?i:a)&&(t.style.backgroundImage=a,n=n,_(t=t,(e=e).class_applied),s(t,ft),n&&(e.unobserve_completed&&b(t,e),f(e.callback_applied,t,n)))}function N(t,e){!e||0<e.loadingCount||0<e.toLoadCount||f(t.callback_finish,e)}function C(t,e,n){t.addEventListener(e,n),t.llEvLisnrs[e]=n}function M(t){return!!t.llEvLisnrs}function z(t){if(M(t)){var e,n,a=t.llEvLisnrs;for(e in a){var i=a[e];n=e,i=i,t.removeEventListener(n,i)}delete t.llEvLisnrs}}function R(t,e,n){var a;delete t.llTempImage,p(n,-1),(a=n)&&--a.toLoadCount,v(t,e.class_loading),e.unobserve_completed&&b(t,n)}function T(o,r,c){var l=g(o)||o;M(l)||function(t,e,n){M(t)||(t.llEvLisnrs={});var a="VIDEO"===t.tagName?"loadeddata":"load";C(t,a,e),C(t,"error",n)}(l,function(t){var e,n,a,i;n=r,a=c,i=d(e=o),R(e,n,a),_(e,n.class_loaded),s(e,dt),f(n.callback_loaded,e,a),i||N(n,a),z(l)},function(t){var e,n,a,i;n=r,a=c,i=d(e=o),R(e,n,a),_(e,n.class_error),s(e,_t),f(n.callback_error,e,a),i||N(n,a),z(l)})}function G(t,e,n){var a,i,o,r,c;t.llTempImage=document.createElement("IMG"),T(t,e,n),E(c=t)||(c[st]={backgroundImage:c.style.backgroundImage}),o=n,r=l(a=t,(i=e).data_bg),c=l(a,i.data_bg_hidpi),(r=at&&c?c:r)&&(a.style.backgroundImage='url("'.concat(r,'")'),g(a).setAttribute(ot,r),L(a,i,o)),O(t,e,n)}function D(t,e,n){var a;T(t,e,n),a=e,e=n,(t=It[(n=t).tagName])&&(t(n,a),L(n,a,e))}function V(t,e,n){var a;a=t,(-1<yt.indexOf(a.tagName)?D:G)(t,e,n)}function F(t,e,n){var a;t.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),T(t,e,n),a=e,(e=It[(n=t).tagName])&&e(n,a),s(t,vt)}function j(t){t.removeAttribute(ot),t.removeAttribute(rt),t.removeAttribute(ct)}function P(t){m(t,function(t){k(t,Et)}),k(t,Et)}function S(t){var e;(e=At[t.tagName])?e(t):E(e=t)&&(t=I(e),e.style.backgroundImage=t.backgroundImage)}function U(t,e){var n;S(t),n=e,u(e=t)||d(e)||(v(e,n.class_entered),v(e,n.class_exited),v(e,n.class_applied),v(e,n.class_loading),v(e,n.class_loaded),v(e,n.class_error)),r(t),y(t)}function $(t,e,n,a){var i;n.cancel_on_exit&&(c(t)!==ut||"IMG"===t.tagName&&(z(t),m(i=t,function(t){j(t)}),j(i),P(t),v(t,n.class_loading),p(a,-1),r(t),f(n.callback_cancel,t,e,a)))}function q(t,e,n,a){var i,o,r=(o=t,0<=pt.indexOf(c(o)));s(t,"entered"),_(t,n.class_entered),v(t,n.class_exited),i=t,o=a,n.unobserve_entered&&b(i,o),f(n.callback_enter,t,e,a),r||V(t,n,a)}function H(t){return t.use_native&&"loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype}function B(t,i,o){t.forEach(function(t){return(a=t).isIntersecting||0<a.intersectionRatio?q(t.target,t,i,o):(e=t.target,n=t,a=i,t=o,void(u(e)||(_(e,a.class_exited),$(e,n,a,t),f(a.callback_exit,e,n,t))));var e,n,a})}function J(e,n){var t;et&&!H(e)&&(n._observer=new IntersectionObserver(function(t){B(t,e,n)},{root:(t=e).container===document?null:t.container,rootMargin:t.thresholds||t.threshold+"px"}))}function K(t){return Array.prototype.slice.call(t)}function Q(t){return t.container.querySelectorAll(t.elements_selector)}function W(t){return c(t)===_t}function X(t,e){return e=t||Q(e),K(e).filter(u)}function Y(e,t){var n;(n=Q(e),K(n).filter(W)).forEach(function(t){v(t,e.class_error),r(t)}),t.update()}function t(t,e){var n,a,t=i(t);this._settings=t,this.loadingCount=0,J(t,this),n=t,a=this,Z&&window.addEventListener("online",function(){Y(n,a)}),this.update(e)}var Z="undefined"!=typeof window,tt=Z&&!("onscroll"in window)||"undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/(gle|ing|ro)bot|crawl|spider/i.test(navigator.userAgent),et=Z&&"IntersectionObserver"in window,nt=Z&&"classList"in document.createElement("p"),at=Z&&1<window.devicePixelRatio,it={elements_selector:".lazy",container:tt||Z?document:null,threshold:300,thresholds:null,data_src:"src",data_srcset:"srcset",data_sizes:"sizes",data_bg:"bg",data_bg_hidpi:"bg-hidpi",data_bg_multi:"bg-multi",data_bg_multi_hidpi:"bg-multi-hidpi",data_poster:"poster",class_applied:"applied",class_loading:"litespeed-loading",class_loaded:"litespeed-loaded",class_error:"error",class_entered:"entered",class_exited:"exited",unobserve_completed:!0,unobserve_entered:!1,cancel_on_exit:!0,callback_enter:null,callback_exit:null,callback_applied:null,callback_loading:null,callback_loaded:null,callback_error:null,callback_finish:null,callback_cancel:null,use_native:!1},ot="src",rt="srcset",ct="sizes",lt="poster",st="llOriginalAttrs",ut="loading",dt="loaded",ft="applied",_t="error",vt="native",gt="data-",bt="ll-status",pt=[ut,dt,ft,_t],ht=[ot],mt=[ot,lt],Et=[ot,rt,ct],It={IMG:function(t,e){m(t,function(t){A(t,Et),x(t,e)}),A(t,Et),x(t,e)},IFRAME:function(t,e){A(t,ht),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))},VIDEO:function(t,e){a(t,function(t){A(t,ht),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))}),A(t,mt),w(t,lt,l(t,e.data_poster)),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src)),t.load()}},yt=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],At={IMG:P,IFRAME:function(t){k(t,ht)},VIDEO:function(t){a(t,function(t){k(t,ht)}),k(t,mt),t.load()}},kt=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"];return t.prototype={update:function(t){var e,n,a,i=this._settings,o=X(t,i);{if(h(this,o.length),!tt&&et)return H(i)?(e=i,n=this,o.forEach(function(t){-1!==kt.indexOf(t.tagName)&&F(t,e,n)}),void h(n,0)):(t=this._observer,i=o,t.disconnect(),a=t,void i.forEach(function(t){a.observe(t)}));this.loadAll(o)}},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),Q(this._settings).forEach(function(t){y(t)}),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(t){var e=this,n=this._settings;X(t,n).forEach(function(t){b(t,e),V(t,n,e)})},restoreAll:function(){var e=this._settings;Q(e).forEach(function(t){U(t,e)})}},t.load=function(t,e){e=i(e);V(t,e)},t.resetStatus=function(t){r(t)},Z&&function(t,e){if(e)if(e.length)for(var n,a=0;n=e[a];a+=1)o(t,n);else o(t,e)}(t,window.lazyLoadOptions),t});!function(e,t){"use strict";function a(){t.body.classList.add("litespeed_lazyloaded")}function n(){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Start Lazy Load 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Delayed"),litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.removeEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})}),document.querySelectorAll("iframe[data-litespeed-src]").forEach(e=>{e.setAttribute("src",e.getAttribute("data-litespeed-src"))}),"loading"==document.readyState?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",litespeed_load_delayed_js):litespeed_load_delayed_js()}litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.addEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})});async function litespeed_load_delayed_js(){let t=[];for(var d in document.querySelectorAll('script[type="litespeed/javascript"]').forEach(e=>{t.push(e)}),t)await new Promise(e=>litespeed_load_one(t[d],e));document.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded")),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded"))}function litespeed_load_one(t,e){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Load ",t);var d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script></body>
</html>

				
			

JavaScript (my-tests.js)

				
					QUnit.module('Example Module');

QUnit.test('Simple Test', function(assert) {
  assert.ok(true, 'This test will always pass.');
  assert.equal(2 + 2, 4, '2 + 2 equals 4');
});

				
			

Explanation

  • QUnit.module: Defines a module named ‘Example Module’.
  • QUnit.test: Defines a test named ‘Simple Test’.
  • assert.ok: Asserts that true is truthy.
  • assert.equal: Asserts that 2 + 2 equals 4.

Testing jQuery Selectors

Testing jQuery selectors ensures that your code correctly selects the desired elements.

HTML

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://code.jquery.com/qunit/qunit-2.17.2.css">
</head>
<body>
  <div id="qunit"></div>
  <div id="qunit-fixture">
    <div class="test-element">Hello World</div>
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</html>

				
			

JavaScript (my-tests.js)

				
					QUnit.module('jQuery Selectors');

QUnit.test('Selects element by class', function(assert) {
  var element = $('.test-element');
  assert.ok(element.length > 0, 'Element with class "test-element" exists.');
  assert.equal(element.text(), 'Hello World', 'Element text is "Hello World".');
});

				
			

Explanation

  • HTML: Includes an element with class test-element.
  • JavaScript: Tests that the element with class test-element exists and has the correct text.

Testing jQuery Events

Testing jQuery events ensures that your event handlers work as expected.

HTML

				
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d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script></body>
</html>

				
			

JavaScript (my-tests.js)

				
					QUnit.module('jQuery Events');

QUnit.test('Button click event', function(assert) {
  var done = assert.async();
  
  $('#test-button').on('click', function() {
    assert.ok(true, 'Button was clicked.');
    done();
  });

  $('#test-button').trigger('click');
});

				
			

Explanation

  • HTML: Includes a button with ID test-button.
  • JavaScript: Tests that the click event handler for the button works correctly.

Testing jQuery AJAX Calls

Testing AJAX calls ensures that your asynchronous code works as expected.

HTML

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://code.jquery.com/qunit/qunit-2.17.2.css">
</head>
<body>
  <div id="qunit"></div>
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d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script></body>
</html>

				
			

JavaScript (my-tests.js)

				
					QUnit.module('jQuery AJAX');

QUnit.test('AJAX request', function(assert) {
  var done = assert.async();

  $.ajax({
    url: 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1',
    method: 'GET',
    success: function(data) {
      assert.ok(data, 'AJAX call succeeded.');
      assert.equal(data.id, 1, 'Returned data has correct ID.');
      done();
    },
    error: function() {
      assert.ok(false, 'AJAX call failed.');
      done();
    }
  });
});

				
			

Explanation 

  • JavaScript: Tests that an AJAX GET request to an example API endpoint succeeds and the returned data has the correct ID.

Mocking and Stubbing in QUnit

Mocking and stubbing are techniques used to simulate the behavior of real objects in testing. This is particularly useful for testing functions that rely on external systems or data.

Mocking jQuery AJAX Calls

To mock jQuery AJAX calls, you can use libraries like sinon.js.

Setting Up Sinon

  1. Include the Sinon library in your HTML:
				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://code.jquery.com/qunit/qunit-2.17.2.css">
</head>
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JavaScript (my-tests.js)

				
					QUnit.module('Mocking and Stubbing', {
  beforeEach: function() {
    this.server = sinon.createFakeServer();
  },
  afterEach: function() {
    this.server.restore();
  }
});

QUnit.test('Mocking an AJAX request', function(assert) {
  var done = assert.async();
  
  this.server.respondWith('GET', '/api/data', [
    200,
    { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    JSON.stringify({ id: 1, name: 'Test' })
  ]);

  $.ajax({
    url: '/api/data',
    method: 'GET',
    success: function(data) {
      assert.equal(data.id, 1, 'ID is correct.');
      assert.equal(data.name, 'Test', 'Name is correct.');
      done();
    }
  });

  this.server.respond();
});

				
			

Explanation

  • Sinon: Creates a fake server to intercept AJAX requests and respond with predefined data.
  • beforeEach/afterEach: Sets up and tears down the fake server before and after each test.
  • this.server.respondWith: Defines the response for a specific AJAX request.
  • this.server.respond: Triggers the response for the AJAX request.

Running QUnit Tests in the Browser

Running QUnit tests in the browser is simple. Just open your HTML file with the QUnit setup, and you will see the QUnit test runner interface.

Running Tests

  1. Open your HTML file in a web browser.
  2. The QUnit test runner will display the test results.

Integrating QUnit with CI/CD

Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) are practices that help automate the testing and deployment process. Integrating QUnit with CI/CD ensures that your tests run automatically whenever code is pushed to the repository.

Using GitHub Actions

GitHub Actions is a CI/CD service provided by GitHub. You can set up a workflow to run QUnit tests.

.github/workflows/ci.yml

				
					name: CI

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Set up Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: '14'
    - run: npm install -g qunit
    - run: qunit my-tests.js

				
			

Explanation

  • name: Names the workflow.
  • on: Specifies the events that trigger the workflow.
  • jobs: Defines the jobs in the workflow.
  • uses: Uses predefined actions.
  • run: Runs shell commands to set up and execute QUnit tests.

In this chapter, we covered the basics and advanced concepts of testing jQuery code with QUnit. We started with setting up QUnit, writing simple tests, and gradually moved to more complex scenarios like testing jQuery selectors, events, and AJAX calls. We also explored advanced topics like mocking, running tests in the browser, integrating with CI/CD, and using custom assertions. Happy coding !❤️

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