Push Notifications with jQuery

Push notifications are a powerful way to engage users by delivering timely and relevant information directly to their devices. They provide a means to communicate with users even when they are not actively using your application. In this chapter, we will explore how to implement push notifications in a web application using jQuery. We will cover the basics of push notifications, setting up a push notification service, integrating it with jQuery, handling permissions, and displaying notifications.

Understanding Push Notifications

What are Push Notifications?

Push notifications are messages sent by a server to a client application. They can be displayed on a user’s device even when the application is not active. Push notifications can be used for various purposes such as reminding users about updates, promoting new features, or delivering personalized content.

Benefits of Push Notifications

  • Engagement: Keeps users engaged with timely and relevant updates.
  • Reach: Can reach users even when they are not actively using the application.
  • Personalization: Allows for targeted messages based on user preferences and behavior.

Key Components

  • Service Worker: A script that runs in the background and handles push notifications.
  • Push Service: A service that sends push messages to the user’s device.
  • Notification API: The browser API used to display notifications.

Setting Up a Push Notification Service

Choosing a Push Notification Service

There are several push notification services available, such as Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM), OneSignal, and Pushwoosh. For this chapter, we will use Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) due to its popularity and ease of use.

Setting Up Firebase Cloud Messaging

  1. Create a Firebase Project: Go to the Firebase Console and create a new project.
  2. Add a Web App: In your Firebase project, add a new web app and configure Firebase SDK for your web application.
  3. Obtain FCM Credentials: Obtain the Firebase Cloud Messaging credentials, including the apiKey, authDomain, projectId, and messagingSenderId.

Initializing Firebase in Your Web Application

Include the Firebase SDK in your HTML file and initialize Firebase.

				
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    <title>Push Notifications with jQuery</title> <script type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/8.6.8/firebase-app.js"></script> <script type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/8.6.8/firebase-messaging.js"></script> <script type="litespeed/javascript">var firebaseConfig={apiKey:"YOUR_API_KEY",authDomain:"YOUR_AUTH_DOMAIN",projectId:"YOUR_PROJECT_ID",messagingSenderId:"YOUR_MESSAGING_SENDER_ID",appId:"YOUR_APP_ID"};firebase.initializeApp(firebaseConfig)</script> </head>
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</html>

Explanation

  • Firebase SDK: Includes the Firebase SDK for initializing Firebase and using Firebase Cloud Messaging.
  • firebaseConfig: Contains the configuration details for your Firebase project.
  • firebase.initializeApp: Initializes Firebase with the provided configuration.

Integrating Push Notifications with jQuery

Requesting Permission

Use the Notification API to request permission from the user to display notifications.

				
					$(document).ready(function() {
    $('#enable-notifications').on('click', function() {
        Notification.requestPermission().then(function(permission) {
            if (permission === 'granted') {
                console.log('Notification permission granted.');
                // TODO: Get FCM token and start receiving notifications
            } else {
                console.log('Notification permission denied.');
            }
        });
    });
});

Explanation

  • Notification.requestPermission: Requests permission from the user to display notifications.
  • Permission Check: Checks if the permission is granted and logs the result.

Getting the FCM Token

Once the user grants permission, obtain the FCM token to uniquely identify the user’s device

				
					var messaging = firebase.messaging();

messaging.getToken({ vapidKey: 'YOUR_VAPID_KEY' }).then((currentToken) => {
    if (currentToken) {
        console.log('FCM Token:', currentToken);
        // TODO: Send the token to your server and save it for later use
    } else {
        console.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.');
    }
}).catch((err) => {
    console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ', err);
});

Explanation

  • firebase.messaging(): Initializes the Firebase Cloud Messaging service.
  • messaging.getToken: Retrieves the FCM token for the user’s device.
  • VAPID Key: A key used for authentication when sending push messages.

Handling Permissions

Checking Permission Status

You can check the current permission status using the Notification API.

				
					function checkNotificationPermission() {
    if (Notification.permission === 'granted') {
        console.log('Notification permission granted.');
    } else if (Notification.permission === 'denied') {
        console.log('Notification permission denied.');
    } else {
        console.log('Notification permission not requested yet.');
    }
}

$(document).ready(function() {
    checkNotificationPermission();
});

Explanation

  • Notification.permission: Returns the current notification permission status.

Displaying Notifications

Displaying a Simple Notification

Use the Notification API to display a simple notification.

				
					function showNotification(title, options) {
    if (Notification.permission === 'granted') {
        new Notification(title, options);
    }
}

$(document).ready(function() {
    $('#show-notification').on('click', function() {
        var options = {
            body: 'This is a sample notification.',
            icon: 'icon.png'
        };
        showNotification('Sample Notification', options);
    });
});

Explanation

  • Notification: Creates and displays a new notification with the specified title and options.
  • options: An object containing the notification options such as body text and icon.

Handling Notification Clicks

You can handle notification clicks to perform actions when the user clicks on a notification.

				
					self.addEventListener('notificationclick', function(event) {
    event.notification.close();
    event.waitUntil(
        clients.openWindow('https://yourwebsite.com')
    );
});

Explanation

  • notificationclick Event: Listens for notification clicks.
  • event.notification.close: Closes the notification.
  • clients.openWindow: Opens a new window or tab with the specified URL.

Advanced Techniques

Subscribing Users to Push Notifications

To subscribe users to push notifications, send the FCM token to your server and save it.

				
					function subscribeUserToPush(currentToken) {
    $.ajax({
        url: '/subscribe',
        method: 'POST',
        contentType: 'application/json',
        data: JSON.stringify({ token: currentToken }),
        success: function(response) {
            console.log('User subscribed to push notifications:', response);
        },
        error: function(error) {
            console.log('Error subscribing user to push notifications:', error);
        }
    });
}

messaging.getToken({ vapidKey: 'YOUR_VAPID_KEY' }).then((currentToken) => {
    if (currentToken) {
        subscribeUserToPush(currentToken);
    } else {
        console.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.');
    }
}).catch((err) => {
    console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ', err);
});

Explanation

  • unsubscribeUserFromPush Function: Sends a request to the server to unsubscribe the user and deletes the FCM token.
  • messaging.deleteToken: Deletes the FCM token from the user’s device.

In this chapter, we explored how to implement push notifications in a web application using jQuery. Happy coding !❤️

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