Express.js templating Engines

Templating engines are an essential part of web development, enabling developers to generate dynamic HTML content on the server side. In this chapter, we will explore various templating engines in Express.js, starting from the basics and moving towards more advanced concepts. We will cover popular templating engines such as Pug, EJS, and Handlebars, providing detailed explanations, code examples, and output descriptions.

Bonus💡: Practical example at the end of article

Introduction to Templating Engines

Templating engines allow you to embed code within your HTML, making it possible to generate dynamic content. They are useful for:

Separating HTML structure from application logic.
Reusing templates across different parts of your application.
Making your code cleaner and more maintainable.

Setting Up Express.js for Templating

Before using any templating engine, you need to set up an Express.js project.

Basic Setup

1.Create a new project directory and initialize a Node.js project:

				
					mkdir templating-example
cd templating-example
npm init -y

2. Install Express.js:

				
					npm install express

3. Create an index.js file and set up a basic Express server:

				
					const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Server is running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});

Using Pug Templating Engine

Installation and Setup

1. Install Pug:

				
					npm install pug

2. Set Pug as the templating engine in your Express app:

				
					app.set('view engine', 'pug');
app.set('views', './views');

Basic Syntax and Features

Create a simple Pug template file in the views directory named index.pug:

				
					doctype html
html
  head
    title= title
  body
    h1= message

Modify index.js to render this template:

				
					app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'Pug Example', message: 'Hello from Pug!' });
});

Explanation:

doctype html: Defines the document type.
html, head, title, body, h1: HTML elements.
title= title, h1= message: Injecting dynamic content using Pug syntax.

Output: When you visit http://localhost:3000, you will see:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Pug Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello from Pug!</h1> <script data-no-optimize="1">window.lazyLoadOptions=Object.assign({},{threshold:300},window.lazyLoadOptions||{});!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function o(t){return e({},at,t)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,vt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,vt,e)}function i(t){return s(t,null),0}function r(t){return null===c(t)}function u(t){return c(t)===_t}function d(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function f(t,e){et?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>

Advanced Features

Conditionals and Loops:

				
					doctype html
html
  head
    title= title
  body
    if user
      h1 Welcome, #{user}!
    else
      h1 Welcome, Guest!
    ul
      each item in items
        li= item

Modify index.js:

				
					app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', {
    title: 'Pug Example',
    user: 'Alice',
    items: ['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3']
  });
});

Output :

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Pug Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome, Alice!</h1>
    <ul>
      <li>Item 1</li>
      <li>Item 2</li>
      <li>Item 3</li>
    </ul> <script data-no-optimize="1">window.lazyLoadOptions=Object.assign({},{threshold:300},window.lazyLoadOptions||{});!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function o(t){return e({},at,t)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,vt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,vt,e)}function i(t){return s(t,null),0}function r(t){return null===c(t)}function u(t){return c(t)===_t}function d(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function f(t,e){et?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>

Using EJS Templating Engine

Installation and Setup

1.Install EJS:

				
					npm install ejs

2.Set EJS as the templating engine in your Express app:

				
					app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.set('views', './views');

Basic Syntax and Features

Create a simple EJS template file in the views directory named index.ejs:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title><%= title %></title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1><%= message %></h1> <script data-no-optimize="1">window.lazyLoadOptions=Object.assign({},{threshold:300},window.lazyLoadOptions||{});!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function o(t){return e({},at,t)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,vt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,vt,e)}function i(t){return s(t,null),0}function r(t){return null===c(t)}function u(t){return c(t)===_t}function d(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function f(t,e){et?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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Delayed"),litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.removeEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})}),document.querySelectorAll("iframe[data-litespeed-src]").forEach(e=>{e.setAttribute("src",e.getAttribute("data-litespeed-src"))}),"loading"==document.readyState?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",litespeed_load_delayed_js):litespeed_load_delayed_js()}litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.addEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})});async function litespeed_load_delayed_js(){let t=[];for(var d in document.querySelectorAll('script[type="litespeed/javascript"]').forEach(e=>{t.push(e)}),t)await new Promise(e=>litespeed_load_one(t[d],e));document.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded")),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded"))}function litespeed_load_one(t,e){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Load ",t);var d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script><script data-optimized="1" type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://diginode.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/5ad5da7e80e1ecf64f3d75c5dab7ddb4.js?ver=aa579"></script></body>
</html>

Modify index.js to render this template:

				
					app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'EJS Example', message: 'Hello from EJS!' });
});

Explanation:

<%= title %> and <%= message %>: Injecting dynamic content using EJS syntax.

Output: When you visit http://localhost:3000, you will see:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>EJS Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
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Advanced Features

Conditionals and Loops:

				
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<html>
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t.prototype={update:function(t){var e,n,a,o=this._settings,i=W(t,o);{if(p(this,i.length),!Z&&tt)return q(o)?(e=o,n=this,i.forEach(function(t){-1!==Lt.indexOf(t.tagName)&&S(t,e,n)}),void p(n,0)):(t=this._observer,o=i,t.disconnect(),a=t,void o.forEach(function(t){a.observe(t)}));this.loadAll(i)}},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),K(this._settings).forEach(function(t){I(t)}),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(t){var e=this,n=this._settings;W(t,n).forEach(function(t){v(t,e),D(t,n,e)})},restoreAll:function(){var e=this._settings;K(e).forEach(function(t){P(t,e)})}},t.load=function(t,e){e=o(e);D(t,e)},t.resetStatus=function(t){i(t)},t}),function(t,e){"use strict";function n(){e.body.classList.add("litespeed_lazyloaded")}function a(){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Start Lazy Load"),o=new 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d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script><script data-optimized="1" type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://diginode.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/5ad5da7e80e1ecf64f3d75c5dab7ddb4.js?ver=aa579"></script></body>
</html>

Modify index.js:

				
					app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', {
    title: 'EJS Example',
    user: 'Alice',
    items: ['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3']
  });
});

Output:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>EJS Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome, Alice!</h1>
    <ul>
      <li>Item 1</li>
      <li>Item 2</li>
      <li>Item 3</li>
    </ul> <script data-no-optimize="1">window.lazyLoadOptions=Object.assign({},{threshold:300},window.lazyLoadOptions||{});!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function o(t){return e({},at,t)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,vt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,vt,e)}function i(t){return s(t,null),0}function r(t){return null===c(t)}function u(t){return c(t)===_t}function d(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function f(t,e){et?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" ":"")+e}function _(t,e){et?t.classList.remove(e):t.className=t.className.replace(new RegExp("(^|\\s+)"+e+"(\\s+|$)")," ").replace(/^\s+/,"").replace(/\s+$/,"")}function g(t){return t.llTempImage}function v(t,e){!e||(e=e._observer)&&e.unobserve(t)}function b(t,e){t&&(t.loadingCount+=e)}function p(t,e){t&&(t.toLoadCount=e)}function n(t){for(var e,n=[],a=0;e=t.children[a];a+=1)"SOURCE"===e.tagName&&n.push(e);return n}function h(t,e){(t=t.parentNode)&&"PICTURE"===t.tagName&&n(t).forEach(e)}function a(t,e){n(t).forEach(e)}function m(t){return!!t[lt]}function E(t){return t[lt]}function I(t){return delete t[lt]}function y(e,t){var n;m(e)||(n={},t.forEach(function(t){n[t]=e.getAttribute(t)}),e[lt]=n)}function L(a,t){var o;m(a)&&(o=E(a),t.forEach(function(t){var e,n;e=a,(t=o[n=t])?e.setAttribute(n,t):e.removeAttribute(n)}))}function k(t,e,n){f(t,e.class_loading),s(t,st),n&&(b(n,1),d(e.callback_loading,t,n))}function A(t,e,n){n&&t.setAttribute(e,n)}function 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Delayed"),litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.removeEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})}),document.querySelectorAll("iframe[data-litespeed-src]").forEach(e=>{e.setAttribute("src",e.getAttribute("data-litespeed-src"))}),"loading"==document.readyState?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",litespeed_load_delayed_js):litespeed_load_delayed_js()}litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.addEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})});async function litespeed_load_delayed_js(){let t=[];for(var d in document.querySelectorAll('script[type="litespeed/javascript"]').forEach(e=>{t.push(e)}),t)await new Promise(e=>litespeed_load_one(t[d],e));document.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded")),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded"))}function litespeed_load_one(t,e){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Load ",t);var d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script><script data-optimized="1" type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://diginode.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/5ad5da7e80e1ecf64f3d75c5dab7ddb4.js?ver=aa579"></script></body>
</html>

Using Handlebars Templating Engine

Installation and Setup

1.Install Handlebars and its Express integration:

				
					npm install hbs

2.Set Handlebars as the templating engine in your Express app:

				
					app.set('view engine', 'hbs');
app.set('views', './views');

Basic Syntax and Features

Create a simple Handlebars template file in the views directory named index.hbs:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>{{title}}</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>{{message}}</h1> <script data-no-optimize="1">window.lazyLoadOptions=Object.assign({},{threshold:300},window.lazyLoadOptions||{});!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function o(t){return e({},at,t)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,vt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,vt,e)}function i(t){return s(t,null),0}function r(t){return null===c(t)}function u(t){return c(t)===_t}function d(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function f(t,e){et?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>

Modify index.js to render this template:

				
					app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'Handlebars Example', message: 'Hello from Handlebars!' });
});

Explanation:

{{title}} and {{message}}: Injecting dynamic content using Handlebars syntax.

Output: When you visit http://localhost:3000, you will see:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Handlebars Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
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</html>

Advanced Features

Conditionals and Loops:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>{{title}}</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    {{#if user}}
      <h1>Welcome, {{user}}!</h1>
    {{else}}
      <h1>Welcome, Guest!</h1>
    {{/if}}
    <ul>
      {{#each items}}
        <li>{{this}}</li>
      {{/each}}
    </ul> <script data-no-optimize="1">window.lazyLoadOptions=Object.assign({},{threshold:300},window.lazyLoadOptions||{});!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function o(t){return e({},at,t)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,vt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,vt,e)}function i(t){return s(t,null),0}function r(t){return null===c(t)}function u(t){return c(t)===_t}function d(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function f(t,e){et?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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document.createElement("p"),nt=Y&&1<window.devicePixelRatio,at={elements_selector:".lazy",container:Z||Y?document:null,threshold:300,thresholds:null,data_src:"src",data_srcset:"srcset",data_sizes:"sizes",data_bg:"bg",data_bg_hidpi:"bg-hidpi",data_bg_multi:"bg-multi",data_bg_multi_hidpi:"bg-multi-hidpi",data_poster:"poster",class_applied:"applied",class_loading:"litespeed-loading",class_loaded:"litespeed-loaded",class_error:"error",class_entered:"entered",class_exited:"exited",unobserve_completed:!0,unobserve_entered:!1,cancel_on_exit:!0,callback_enter:null,callback_exit:null,callback_applied:null,callback_loading:null,callback_loaded:null,callback_error:null,callback_finish:null,callback_cancel:null,use_native:!1},ot="src",it="srcset",rt="sizes",ct="poster",lt="llOriginalAttrs",st="loading",ut="loaded",dt="applied",ft="error",_t="native",gt="data-",vt="ll-status",bt=[st,ut,dt,ft],pt=[ot],ht=[ot,ct],mt=[ot,it,rt],Et={IMG:function(t,e){h(t,function(t){y(t,mt),O(t,e)}),y(t,mt),O(t,e)},IFRAME:function(t,e){y(t,pt),A(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))},VIDEO:function(t,e){a(t,function(t){y(t,pt),A(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))}),y(t,ht),A(t,ct,l(t,e.data_poster)),A(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src)),t.load()}},It=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],yt={IMG:j,IFRAME:function(t){L(t,pt)},VIDEO:function(t){a(t,function(t){L(t,pt)}),L(t,ht),t.load()}},Lt=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"];return t.prototype={update:function(t){var e,n,a,o=this._settings,i=W(t,o);{if(p(this,i.length),!Z&&tt)return q(o)?(e=o,n=this,i.forEach(function(t){-1!==Lt.indexOf(t.tagName)&&S(t,e,n)}),void p(n,0)):(t=this._observer,o=i,t.disconnect(),a=t,void o.forEach(function(t){a.observe(t)}));this.loadAll(i)}},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),K(this._settings).forEach(function(t){I(t)}),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(t){var e=this,n=this._settings;W(t,n).forEach(function(t){v(t,e),D(t,n,e)})},restoreAll:function(){var e=this._settings;K(e).forEach(function(t){P(t,e)})}},t.load=function(t,e){e=o(e);D(t,e)},t.resetStatus=function(t){i(t)},t}),function(t,e){"use strict";function n(){e.body.classList.add("litespeed_lazyloaded")}function a(){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Start Lazy Load"),o=new LazyLoad(Object.assign({},t.lazyLoadOptions||{},{elements_selector:"[data-lazyloaded]",callback_finish:n})),i=function(){o.update()},t.MutationObserver&&new MutationObserver(i).observe(e.documentElement,{childList:!0,subtree:!0,attributes:!0})}var o,i;t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener("load",a,!1):t.attachEvent("onload",a)}(window,document);</script><script data-no-optimize="1">window.litespeed_ui_events=window.litespeed_ui_events||["mouseover","click","keydown","wheel","touchmove","touchstart"];var urlCreator=window.URL||window.webkitURL;function litespeed_load_delayed_js_force(){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Start Load JS Delayed"),litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.removeEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})}),document.querySelectorAll("iframe[data-litespeed-src]").forEach(e=>{e.setAttribute("src",e.getAttribute("data-litespeed-src"))}),"loading"==document.readyState?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",litespeed_load_delayed_js):litespeed_load_delayed_js()}litespeed_ui_events.forEach(e=>{window.addEventListener(e,litespeed_load_delayed_js_force,{passive:!0})});async function litespeed_load_delayed_js(){let t=[];for(var d in document.querySelectorAll('script[type="litespeed/javascript"]').forEach(e=>{t.push(e)}),t)await new Promise(e=>litespeed_load_one(t[d],e));document.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded")),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLiteSpeedLoaded"))}function litespeed_load_one(t,e){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Load ",t);var d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script><script data-optimized="1" type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://diginode.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/5ad5da7e80e1ecf64f3d75c5dab7ddb4.js?ver=aa579"></script></body>
</html>

Modify `index.js`:

				
					app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', {
    title: 'Handlebars Example',
    user: 'Alice',
    items: ['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3']
  });
});

Output:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Handlebars Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome, Alice!</h1>
    <ul>
      <li>Item 1</li>
      <li>Item 2</li>
      <li>Item 3</li>
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Comparing Templating Engines

Syntax and Usability

Pug: Known for its clean and minimal syntax. It avoids using HTML tags directly, making templates shorter and more readable.
EJS: Uses regular HTML with embedded JavaScript. It is straightforward and easy to learn for those familiar with HTML and JavaScript.
Handlebars: Uses a Mustache-like syntax with double curly braces for variable interpolation. It is simple and highly readable.

Performance

All three templating engines are performant, but there might be slight differences depending on the complexity of the templates and the nature of the application. Generally, the performance differences are negligible for most use cases.

Community and Ecosystem

Pug: Has a strong community and a good number of plugins and integrations.
EJS: Very popular and has extensive documentation and community support.
Handlebars: Also widely used with a robust ecosystem of helpers and extensions.

Partials in EJS

Note : Same can be done in other templating engines as well.

Partials in EJS allow you to reuse pieces of your HTML code across different templates, which helps to keep your code DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself). Common use cases for partials include headers, footers, and navigation bars.

Create the Project Structure

First, let’s set up our project structure:

				
					templating-example/
├── views/
│   ├── partials/
│   │   ├── header.ejs
│   │   ├── footer.ejs
│   ├── index.ejs
├── index.js
├── package.json

Install EJS

Ensure EJS is installed:

				
					npm install ejs

Set Up the Express App

Modify index.js to configure EJS as the templating engine and set up routes to render the templates:

				
					const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;

app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.set('views', './views');

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'EJS Partials Example', message: 'Hello from EJS with Partials!' });
});

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Server is running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});

Create Header Partial

Create a file named header.ejs in the views/partials directory:

				
					
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title><%= title %></title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <header>
      <h1>My Website Header</h1>
      <nav>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
        </ul>
      </nav>
    </header>

Create Footer Partial

Create a file named footer.ejs in the views/partials directory:

				
					
    <footer>
      <p>&copy; 2024 My Website</p>
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</html>

Use Partials in Main Template

Modify the main template index.ejs to include the header and footer partials:

				
					
<%- include('partials/header') %>
<main>
  <h2><%= message %></h2>
  <p>Welcome to our website. This content is dynamic and rendered with EJS.</p>
</main>
<%- include('partials/footer') %>

Explanation:

<%- include('partials/header') %>: Includes the header partial in the template. The <%- syntax is used to include the raw output of the partial without escaping.
<%- include('partials/footer') %>: Includes the footer partial in the template.

Running the Application

Start the server:

				
					node index.js

Visit http://localhost:3000 in your browser. You should see a page with the header, main content, and footer.

Output:

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>EJS Partials Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <header>
      <h1>My Website Header</h1>
      <nav>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
        </ul>
      </nav>
    </header>
    <main>
      <h2>Hello from EJS with Partials!</h2>
      <p>Welcome to our website. This content is dynamic and rendered with EJS.</p>
    </main>
    <footer>
      <p>&copy; 2024 My Website</p>
    </footer> <script data-no-optimize="1">window.lazyLoadOptions=Object.assign({},{threshold:300},window.lazyLoadOptions||{});!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function o(t){return e({},at,t)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,vt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,vt,e)}function i(t){return s(t,null),0}function r(t){return null===c(t)}function u(t){return c(t)===_t}function d(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function f(t,e){et?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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d=document.createElement("script");d.addEventListener("load",e),d.addEventListener("error",e),t.getAttributeNames().forEach(e=>{"type"!=e&&d.setAttribute("data-src"==e?"src":e,t.getAttribute(e))});let a=!(d.type="text/javascript");!d.src&&t.textContent&&(d.src=litespeed_inline2src(t.textContent),a=!0),t.after(d),t.remove(),a&&e()}function litespeed_inline2src(t){try{var d=urlCreator.createObjectURL(new Blob([t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1")],{type:"text/javascript"}))}catch(e){d="data:text/javascript;base64,"+btoa(t.replace(/^(?:<!--)?(.*?)(?:-->)?$/gm,"$1"))}return d}</script><script data-optimized="1" type="litespeed/javascript" data-src="https://diginode.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/5ad5da7e80e1ecf64f3d75c5dab7ddb4.js?ver=aa579"></script></body>
</html>

Full Example Code

Pug Example

index.js

				
					const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;

app.set('view engine', 'pug');
app.set('views', './views');

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'Pug Example', message: 'Hello from Pug!' });
});

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Server is running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});

views/index.pug

				
					doctype html
html
  head
    title= title
  body
    h1= message

EJS Example

index.js

				
					const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;

app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.set('views', './views');

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'EJS Example', message: 'Hello from EJS!' });
});

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Server is running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});

views/index.ejs

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title><%= title %></title>
  </head>
  <body>
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</html>

Handlebars Example

index.js

				
					const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;

app.set('view engine', 'hbs');
app.set('views', './views');

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'Handlebars Example', message: 'Hello from Handlebars!' });
});

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Server is running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});

views/index.hbs

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>{{title}}</title>
  </head>
  <body>
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In this chapter, we explored various templating engines used with Express.js, including Pug, EJS, and Handlebars. We started with the basics of setting up an Express.js project and then delved into the installation, setup, basic syntax, and advanced features of each templating engine. By comparing the different engines, we highlighted their unique features, strengths, and suitable use cases.Happy coding !❤️

Express.js templating Engines

Introduction to Templating Engines

Setting Up Express.js for Templating

Basic Setup

Using Pug Templating Engine

Installation and Setup

Basic Syntax and Features

Explanation:

Advanced Features

Using EJS Templating Engine

Installation and Setup

Basic Syntax and Features

Explanation:

Advanced Features

Conditionals and Loops:

Output:

Using Handlebars Templating Engine

Installation and Setup

Basic Syntax and Features

Explanation:

Advanced Features

Conditionals and Loops:

Modify index.js:

Output:

Comparing Templating Engines

Syntax and Usability

Performance

Community and Ecosystem

Partials in EJS

Create the Project Structure

Install EJS

Set Up the Express App

Create Header Partial

Create Footer Partial

Use Partials in Main Template

Explanation:

Running the Application

Output:

Full Example Code

Pug Example

EJS Example

Handlebars Example

Table of Contents

Explore

Popular Tutorials

Contact here

Modify `index.js`: