Attributes in HTML

Attributes in html are like settings for HTML tags, telling them how to look or behave. They come as pairs, with a name and a value, always placed in the tag's opening part and enclosed in quotes.

  1. Attributes are like modifiers for HTML tags. They always accompany the opening tag of an element and provide crucial information about how the element should behave or appear. 
  2. An attribute consists of a name and a value, separated by an equal sign (=), and the value is usually enclosed in quotes.

For example:

				
					<a href="https://www.example.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Visit Example.com</a>

In this <a> (anchor) tag, the href attribute is used to specify the hyperlink destination.

attributes in html

Common Attributes in HTML

Class Attribute

The class attribute is a powerful tool to apply a specific style or behavior to multiple elements. It helps group elements together, enabling you to style them collectively using CSS.

Example:

				
					<p class="highlight">This text is highlighted.</p>

				
			
				
					<div class="highlight">This text is highlighted.</div>

Here, the class attribute with the value “highlight” is applied to the paragraph (<p>) element.

Element <p> and <div> are combined and same style added to both the elements

Id Attribute

The id attribute provides a unique identifier for an element. This is useful for targeting a specific element with CSS or JavaScript.

Example:

				
					<h1 id="main-heading">Welcome to my Website</h1>

The id attribute with the value “main-heading” is assigned to the heading (<h1>) element.

Src Attribute

The src attribute, used in the <img> tag, specifies the source (URL or file path) of an image.

Example:

				
					<img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhAQABAPAAAMPDwwAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" decoding="async" data-src="image.jpg" alt="A beautiful landscape" title="Attributes in HTML 2">

Here, the src attribute points to the image file “image.jpg.”

Href Attribute

In the <a> (anchor) tag, the href attribute defines the hyperlink destination.

Example:

				
					<a href="https://www.example.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Visit Example.com</a>

The href attribute contains the URL  — https://www.example.com.

Drawing it Together

In the combined example, we create a simple webpage using these attributes. The <style> section inside the <head> tag demonstrates how the highlight class is styled in CSS.

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>My Simple Webpage</title><style>.highlight {
            color: red;
            font-weight: bold;
        }</style></head>
<body>

    <header>
        <h1 id="main-heading">Welcome to My Simple Webpage</h1>
    </header>

    <nav>
        <ul>
            <li><a href="#section1" class="highlight">Section 1</a></li>
            <li><a href="#section2">Section 2</a></li>
            <li><a href="#section3">Section 3</a></li>
        </ul>
    </nav>

    <section id="section1">
        <h2 class="highlight">Section 1</h2>
        <p>This is the content of Section 1.</p>
    </section>

    <section id="section2">
        <h2>Section 2</h2>
        <p>This is the content of Section 2.</p>
        <img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhAQABAPAAAMPDwwAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" decoding="async" data-src="image.jpg" alt="A beautiful landscape" title="Attributes in HTML 3">
    </section>

    <section id="section3">
        <h2>Section 3</h2>
        <p>This is the content of Section 3.</p>
        <a href="https://www.example.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Visit Example.com</a>
    </section>

    <footer>
        <p>&copy; 2024 My Simple Webpage</p>
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</html>
  • The <style> section in the <head> tag defines a CSS rule for the .highlight class, making the text red and bold.
  • The <h1> tag has an id attribute with the value “main-heading.”
  • The navigation links in the <ul> use the class attribute for styling and the href attribute for linking to sections within the page.
  • The image in “Section 2” uses the src attribute to specify the image file.
  • The hyperlink in “Section 3” uses the href attribute to link to “https://www.example.com.”

This chapter highlights the crucial role of HTML attributes in shaping web content. Whether you're styling with class, identifying with id, or linking with href and src, attributes bring life to HTML elements. As you progress in web development, mastering attributes empowers you to create dynamic and interactive websites. Remember to experiment, explore, and have fun building with HTML attributes. Happy coding !❤️

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