Crack Any DBMS Interview 🚀

The only roadmap you needed to understand this topic in deep dive
This roadmap includes all the foundational, intermediate, and advanced concepts needed to clear interviews at FAANG-level companies and beyond.

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Database Fundamentals

What is a DBMS?
What is an RDBMS?
DBMS Components
Types of Databases
Database Users & Roles
SQL vs. NoSQL Databases
Schema vs. Instance
Data Independence
Three-Tier Architecture
ACID Properties
CAP Theorem
BASE vs. ACID

Entity Relationship (ER) Model

Introduction to the ER Model
Entities, Attributes, and Relationships
Keys: Primary, Candidate, Super, Composite, Foreign
Participation and Cardinality Constraints
Weak vs. Strong Entities
Generalization & Specialization (EER Model)
Aggregation

Relational Model Tables, Rows, Columns

Tables, Rows, Columns; Tuples, Attributes
Domain Constraints
Integrity Constraints
Keys: Primary, Foreign, Unique, Composite
Design ER Diagrams

Relational Algebra Operators

Relational Algebra
Rename (ρ)
Relational Calculus

SQL

SQL Syntax
SQL Data Types
SQL Operators
SQL Clauses
SQL Aggregate Functions
SQL Filtering
SQL Pattern Matching

SQL Joins & Set Operations

SQL Joins
SQL Set Operations

SQL Subqueries and usage

Subqueries

SQL Constraints Overview

SQL Constraints

Need of Normalization

Normalization
Decomposition Rules
Lossless Decomposition
Denormalization Scenarios

Database Indexing

What is Indexing?
Types of Indexes
Covering Index
Index Data Structures
Database Indexing Strategies

Transactions & Concurrency

Transactions in DBMS
Concurrency Control
Transaction Isolation Levels

Stored Programs & Views

Views in SQL
Triggers
User-Defined Functions (UDFs)
Events in SQL
Stored Procedures and Triggers

Advanced SQL Functions

String functions
Date/Time functions
Numeric functions
Conditional Functions

Window functions

Window functions
Window functions with queries

Common Table Expressions (CTEs)

Overview
Simple CTEs
Recursive CTEs

Dynamic SQL

EXEC, PREPARE, EXECUTE statements

Query Optimization

Optimizing techniques
Query execution Plan

Security & Authorization

Authentication vs. Authorization
GRANT & REVOKE Statements
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
SQL Injection & Prevention
Secure Database Design

File Structures & Storage Management

File Organization in DBMS
Page Layouts
Records
Buffer Management and Caching

Distributed System concepts

Distributed Databases
Data Fragmentation
Replication
Partitioning and Sharding in DBMS
Distributed Transactions & Two-Phase Commit (2PC)
Database Scaling Patterns
CAP Theorem
Master Slave Architecture

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